Affiliation:
1. Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutic, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931-166, Jordan
Abstract
Objective:
The aim of our study was to assess thymoquinone (TQ) as a combination therapy
with metformin (MT) against breast cancer in diabetic tumor-bearing mice.
Method:
The antiproliferative activities of TQ and MET and their combination were tested against
three breast cancer cell lines (EMT6/P, T47D, MDA-MB-231) using an MTT assay. We used the
isobolographic method to calculate the combination index (CI). Balb/C mice were implanted with
EMT6/P cells and diabetes was induced using Streptozotocin (STZ). The antitumor activity was
assessed for TQ and MET and their combination in vivo. The antiangiogenic activity and apoptosis
induction ability of TQ and MET were estimated using ELISA kits. To estimate the liver and kidney
functions, aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT) levels, and creatinine were
detected in serum samples using standard kits. The impact of the TQ and MET combination on reducing
blood glucose levels was measured daily using a glucometer.
Results:
Synergistic anticancer effect was observed between TQ and MET. The combination of TQ
and MET caused a significant reduction in tumor size (p value <0.05) with a high cure percentage of
(71.42%) and lower blood glucose levels. The combination therapy induces apoptosis, inhibits angiogenesis,
and causes tumor regression. Moreover, no significant effect was observed in the serum
levels of AST, ALT, and creatinine, as the values were very close to the normal ones.
Conclusion:
The combination of TQ and MET is considered a promising anticancer therapy to treat
breast cancer induced by diabetes and nondiabetes mice. This combination possesses antiproliferative
activity, anti-hyperglycemic activity, inhibits angiogenesis and induces apoptosis. Furthermore,
this combination demonstrated low toxicity.
Publisher
Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.
Subject
Complementary and alternative medicine,Drug Discovery