Apoptosis Caused by Triterpenes and Phytosterols and Antioxidant Activity of an Enriched Flavonoid Extract from Passiflora mucronata

Author:

da Silva Isabel C.V.1,Kaluđerović Goran N.2,de Oliveira Pollyana F.3,Guimarães Denise O.3,Quaresma Carla H.4,Porzel Andrea2,Muzitano Michelle F.3,Wessjohann Ludger A.2,Leal Ivana C.R.1

Affiliation:

1. Laboratorio de Produtos Naturais e Ensaios Biologicos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Departamento de Produtos Naturais e Alimentos, CCS, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil

2. Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany

3. Laboratorio de Produtos Bioativos, Curso de Farmacia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Campus Macae, Polo Novo Cavaleiro-IMCT, Macae, RJ, Brazil

4. Laboratorio Multidisciplinar de Ciencias Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmacia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Departamento de Farmacos, CCS, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil

Abstract

Background: P. mucronata (Pm) comes from South America, Brazil and is characterized as “Maracujá de Restinga”. It is used in folk medicine for its soothing properties and in treating insomnia. Objective: The present study for the first time analyzed the antioxidant and cytotoxicity of the hydroalcoholic leaves extract and fractions from Pm. Method: The cytotoxicity test will be evaluated by different assays (MTT and CV) against human prostate cancer (PC3) and mouse malignant melanoma (B16F10) cell lines, and the antioxidant test by DPPH method. Results: β-Amyrin, oleanolic acid, β-sitosterol and stigmasterol were isolated of the most active, hexane fraction. These substances were tested against the tumor cell lines: β-sitosterol and stigmasterol showed the most relevant activity to PC3 in CV assay and, oleanolic acid to B16F10 by the MTT assay. In addition, it was possible to indicate that the mode of cell death for stigmasterol, presumably is apoptosis. In terms of antioxidant activity, the hydroalcoholic leaves extract presented higher activity (EC50 133.3 µg/mL) compared to the flower (EC50 152.3 µg/mL) and fruit (EC50 207.9 µg/mL) extracts. By the HPLC-MS, it was possible to identify the presence of flavones in the leaf extract (isoschaftoside, schaftoside, isovitexin, vitexin, isoorientin, orientin). Conclusions: P. mucronata hexane fraction showed promising cytotoxic effect against cancer cell lines, and stigmasterol contributes to this activity, inducing apoptosis of these cells. Furthermore, as other Passiflora species, Pm extract showed antioxidant activity and flavones are its major phenolic compounds.

Publisher

Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.

Subject

Cancer Research,Pharmacology,Molecular Medicine

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