Eco-friendly Synthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles using Juglans regia Extract and their Anti-Trichomonas vaginalis, Anticancer, and Antimicrobial Effects

Abstract

Background: Green synthesis is an efficient and eco-friendly method that has been used frequently in silver nanoparticle production in recent years. This method facilitates the production of nanoparticles using various organisms, such as plants, and is also cheaper and easier to apply than the other techniques. Aims: This study aims to find possible mechanisms and pharmacological effects of cubic silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Objectives: This study characterizes cubic AgNPs and describes in detail their anticancer, antimicrobial, and anti- Trichomonas vaginalis abilities. Methods: Silver nanoparticles were produced by green synthesis using Juglans regia (walnut) leaf aqueous extract. We validated the formation of AgNPs by UV-vis spectroscopy, FTIR analysis, and SEM micrographs. To determine the pharmacological effects of the AgNPs, we conducted anti-cancer, anti-bacterial, and anti-parasitic activity experiments. Results: Cytotoxicity data revealed that AgNPs have cellular inhibitory properties on cancerous MCF7 (breast), HeLa (cervix), C6 (glioma), and HT29 (colorectal) cell lines. Similar results are also obtained with anti-bacterial and anti- Trichomonas vaginalis activity experiments. At certain concentrations, AgNPs displayed stronger anti-bacterial activities than the sulbactam/cefoperazone antibiotic combination in five bacteria species. Furthermore, the 12-h AgNPs treatment exhibited satisfactory anti-Trichomonas vaginalis activity similar to the FDA-approved metronidazole. conclusion: Consequently, AgNPs produced by the green synthesis method by Juglans regia leaves showed remarkable anti-carcinogenic, anti-bacterial, and anti-trichomonas vaginalis activities. We propose the potential usefulness of green synthesized AgNPs as therapeutics.