One Pot Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation of Aryl Substituted Imidazoles as Potential Atypical Antipsychotics

Abstract

Background: Second generation or “atypical” antipsychotics demonstrate an improved therapeutic profile over conventional neuroleptics. These are effective in both positive and negative symptoms of the disease and have a lower propensity to induce adverse symptoms. Objective: The main objective of the research was in silico design and synthesis of potential atypical antipsychotics with combined antiserotonergic / antidopaminergic effect. Methods: A one pot synthesis of aryl substituted imidazole derivatives was carried out in green solvent PEG-400 and the prepared compounds were evaluated for atypical antipsychotic activity in animal models for dopaminergic and serotonergic antagonism. The compounds were designed based on their 3D similarity studies to standard drugs and in silico (docking studies) with respect to 5-HT2A and D2 receptors. Results: Results from the docking studies with respect to 5-HT2A and D2 receptors suggested a potential atypical antipsychotic profile for the test compounds. Theoretical ADME profiling of the compounds based on selected physicochemical parameters suggested an excellent compliance with Lipinski’s rules. The potential of these compounds to penetrate the blood brain barrier (log BB) was computed through an online software program and the values obtained for the compounds suggested a good potential for brain permeation. Reversal of apomorphine induced mesh climbing behaviour coupled with inactivity in the stereotypy assay indicates antidopaminergic effect and a potential atypical profile for the test compounds 1-5. Further, the activity of compounds in DOI assay indicated a 5-HT2 antagonistic profile (5-HT2 antagonism). Conclusion: Compound 5 emerged as important lead compound showing combined antidopaminergic and antiserotonergic (5-HT2A) activity with a potential atypical antipsychotic profile.