Primary Hypertriglyceridemia: A Look Back on the Clinical Classification and Genetics of the Disease

Abstract

Introduction: Hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) is one of the most common metabolic disorders leading to pancreatitis and cardiovascular disease. HTG develops mostly due to impaired metabolism of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. Although monogenic types of HTG exist, most reported cases are polygenic in nature. Aim: This review article is focused on the classification of Primary HTG and the genetic factors behind its development with the aim of providing clinicians a useful tool for early detection of the disease in order to administer proper and effective treatment. Discussion: HTG is often characterized by a complex phenotype resulting from interactions between genetic and environmental factors. In many instances, the complexity, perplexing causes, and classification of HTG make it difficult for clinicians to properly diagnose and manage the disorder. Better availability of information on its pathophysiology, genetic factors involved, environmental causes, and their interactions could help in understanding such complex disorders and could support its effective diagnosis and treatment. Conclusion: The current review has summarized the case definition, epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, classification, associated genetic factors, and scope of genetic screening in the diagnosis of primary HTG.