Propitious Effects of Natural Bioactives for Osteoporosis: Special Emphasis From Marine Source

Abstract

Osteoporosis is one of the most significant health issues on the globe. The activity of osteoclast cells is connected to altered hormone levels and other factors such as age. The condition is characterized by increased bone fragility and loss of bone tissue. Osteoporosis, osteopetrosis, and Paget's disease are frequently caused by an imbalance in the production and function of osteoclasts and osteoblasts. The disease's early signs are scarcely noticeable. It results in gradual bone loss, which eventually makes the patients more prone to fractures. Osteoporosis must be avoided since the fractures caused by it have substantial medical expenses and morbidity. Bisphosphonates are used in the treatment of osteoporosis, along with hormone therapy, selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), calcitonin, strontium ranelate (SR), and other treatments. Marine Natural Products (MNPs) have also had a significant impact on bone metabolism by preventing osteoclastogenesis. These MNPs are generated from a variety of marine resources, including marine cyanobacteria, soft corals, mollusks, fish, dinoflagellates, algae, sponges, and mangroves. Numerous plant and herb species are also effective in the treatment of osteoporosis. We check if these plant-based bio-actives may replace hormonal and synthetic drug-based treatments. This chapter also throws light on any possible effect of COVID-19 that might be on the body, particularly the musculoskeletal system.