Epigenetic Regulation of Microglia: Plausible Mechanism and Interventional Approaches in Neurodegeneration

Abstract

Microglia, the brain resident macrophages perform a wide range of functions ranging from brain development, equilibrium, maintenance in the brain microenvironment, injury repair and the preservation of neuronal networks. Cellular elasticity is a prerequisite for the multi-dimensional tasks performed by microglia. Epigenetic modulations are critically involved in altering gene expression finely coordinating with the phenotypic plasticity in microglia. Any change in its tuning favors the inflammatory state of the brain, which leads to detrimental effects on the nervous system. The present review offers an insightful exploration into the origin of microglia, shedding light on its vital functions and the intricate mechanisms that govern the epigenetic modification of microglia in neurodegenerative disorders. Furthermore, it explores potential avenues for mitigating these diseases.