Statin Associated Muscular Adverse Effects

Abstract

Background: Statins are widely used in the treatment of hyperlipidemia and in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. However, they may induce muscular adverse effects that range from asymptomatic elevation of creatine kinase to life threatening rhabdomyolysis. Objective: The aim of the study was to describe epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients with muscular adverse effects. Methods: We conducted a retrospective and descriptive study over a ten-year period from January 2010 to December 2019. We included all cases of statin associated muscular adverse effects notified to the Tunisian National Centre of Pharmacovigilance during this period. Results: The study involved 22 muscular adverse effects related to statins (28% of all adverse events reported with statins during this period). Patient’s mean age was 58.7 years and the sex ratio was 1.6. There were 12 cases of isolated creatine kinase elevation, 5 cases of myalgia, 3 cases of myopathy, one case of myositis and one case of rhabdomyolysis. Muscular adverse effects occurred 7 days to 15 years after starting this drug. In all cases, the statin was withdrawn after muscular adverse effects and resolution of symptoms was observed within 10 days to 18 months. In seven cases, creatine kinase persisted elevated for 18 months. Involved statins were atorvastatin, simvastatin, rosuvastatin and fluvastatin. Conclusion: Early recognition of muscle symptoms is required to prevent rhabdomyolysis. Further researchare needed to completely elucidate the pathophysiology of statin-induced muscular adverse effects.