The Clinical Characteristics and Survival Profiles of Wilms Tumor in the United Arab Emirates: A Single-center Retrospective Analysis

Abstract

Background: Wilms Tumor (WT) is the most common pediatric kidney tumor, yet the disease has variable clinical characteristics and prognostic outcomes across different populations. Objectives: This study aims to review the clinical characteristics and survival outcomes of children with WT who have received treatment at Dubai Hospital, UAE. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted involving the medical records of confirmed WT children (aged < 14 years) who had received treatment between 2013 and 2018. Diagnosis should have been established based on the histopathological examination of operable tumors and needle biopsy for inoperable tumors. The Société Internationale d’Oncologie Pédiatrique (SIOP) WT 2001 protocol was used for patient management, and the UMBRELLA SIOP–RTSG 2016 Wilms tumor pathology and molecular biology protocol was used for histopathologic classification and clinical staging. The presenting sign and symptoms, the findings of diagnostic imaging techniques, histological grading, the received treatments, and follow-up outcomes were collected and analyzed. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to carry out the survival analysis. Results: Ten children were diagnosed with WT (median age of 3.40 years, 60% males). All patients presented with abdominal masses without prominent pain. Synchronous bilateral lesions were found at diagnosis in one patient and metastatic lesions in three patients. Four children were discharged against medical advice; five received treatment according to the SIOP WT 2001 regimen, while the remaining patient was managed in the United States according to the National Wilms Tumor Study Group (NWTSG) protocol. The overall 6-year and relapse-free survival rates were 90% and 80%, respectively. Conclusion: The clinical characteristics and managemental outcomes of children presenting with WT are promising, possibly owing to adopting the SIOP protocol. Considering the small sample size, more large-scale, nation-wide studies are warranted.