Prevalence and Causes of Vitamin D Deficiency in a Cohort of Greek HIV-Infected Individuals: A Prospective, Single Center, Observational Study-Reference-Cited by-同舟云学术

Prevalence and Causes of Vitamin D Deficiency in a Cohort of Greek HIV-Infected Individuals: A Prospective, Single Center, Observational Study

Published:2024-06-13 Issue: Volume:22 Page:
ISSN:1570-162X
Container-title:Current HIV Research
language:en
Short-container-title:CHR

Author:

Androutsakos Theodoros¹^ORCID,Politou Marianna²,Boti Sofia¹,Pittaras Theodoros³,Kontos Athanasios¹,Kordossis Theodore¹,Pouliakis Abraham⁴,Panayiotakopoulos George⁵

Affiliation:

1. Department of Pathophysiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece

2. Hematology Laboratory-Blood Bank at the Aretaieion Hospital 2nd Department of Hematology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece

3. Hematology Laboratory-Blood Bank at the Aretaieion Hospital 2nd Department of Hematology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece;

4. Second Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece

5. Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece

Abstract

Background: Vitamin D deficiency and/or insufficiency (hypovitaminosis D) has been associated with several disorders including autoimmune diseases, like type 1 diabetes mellitus; cardiovascular diseases; neoplasms; obesity; insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. This problem is common in southern European countries, especially in elderly and institutionalized persons. In HIV-infected individuals, hypovitaminosis D has been correlated with various complications like tuberculosis, hyperparathyroidism, bone mass loss, premature atherosclerosis, and systemic arterial hypertension, deterioration of immune function, progression of the disease and overall mortality. Objective: The objective of this study was to examine the prevalence and causes of hypovitaminosis D in a cohort of Greek HIV-infected patients, the factors, and possible complications associated with it. Methods: All patients attending our HIV unit for a period of 5 months were included in this study. Vitamin D status, medical anamnes, and laboratory tests were obtained at baseline; patients were followed for 3 years and HIV-related complications were noted. No patient received vitamin D supplementation during the follow-up period. Results: Hypovitaminosis D was common, with 83.7% of the patients showing levels below 30ng/dl and 55.4% below 20ng/dl. After multivariable analysis, age and duration of treatment were the only significant factors for low vitamin D levels. During follow-up, 26 patients exhibited a total of 34 HIV-related complications, the most common being pneumonocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PCP). Hypovitaminosis D showed a positive correlation with overall complications, PCP as well as wasting syndrome. Conclusion: Overall, our study shows that hypovitaminosis D is common in HIV-infected individuals and should probably be treated as soon as possible to protect these patients from serious HIVrelated complications like PCP or wasting syndrome. other: -

Publisher

Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.