Burden of Ischemic Heart Diseases among US States from 1990-2019

Abstract

Background: Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD) is a leading cause of global mortality, including in the United States. Understanding the burden of IHD in the United States is crucial for informed decision-making and targeted interventions aimed at reducing morbidity and mortality associated with this leading cause of death. This study aimed to understand the burden of IHD, identify gender disparities and risk factors, explore the relationship between socioeconomic growth and IHD, and analyze risk factor distribution across the states of the United States. Methods: This study utilized data from the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2019, which provided comprehensive information on IHD from 1990 to 2019. Data related to IHD from these years were extracted using a query tool from the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) website. The study assessed the relationship between IHD and socioeconomic development using the Socio-demographic Index (SDI) and measured the overall impact of IHD using Disability-adjusted Life Years (DALYs), considering premature death and disability. Additionally, the study analyzed the burden of IHD attributed to six main risk factors. Data analysis involved comparing prevalence, mortality, SDI, DALYs, attributable burden, and risk estimation among the states. Results: Between 1990 and 2019, there was an improvement in socioeconomic development in all states. Age-standardized rates of disease burden for IHD decreased by 50% [ASDR 3278.3 to 1629.4 (95% UI: 1539.9-1712.3) per 100,000] with the most significant decline observed in Minnesota. Males had higher burden rates than females in all states, and the southeast region had the highest mortality rates. The prevalence of IHD showed a declining trend, with approximately 8.9 million cases (95% UI: 8.0 million to 9.8 million) in 2019, representing a 37.1% decrease in the Age-standardized Prevalence Rate (ASPR) from 1990. Metabolic risks were the leading contributors to the disease burden, accounting for 50% of cases, with Mississippi having the highest attributable risk. Arkansas had the highest attributable risk for high cholesterol and smoking. Conversely, Minnesota had the lowest burden of IHD among all the states. Conclusion: This study highlights variations in the burden of IHD across US states and emphasizes the need for tailored prevention programs to address specific risk factors and gender differences. Understanding the trend in IHD may inform policymakers and healthcare professionals in effectively allocating resources to reduce the burden of IHD and improve national health outcomes.