Cardioprotective Activities of some Indian Spices: An Insight into Pharmacology and Phytochemical Investigation

Author:

Pathak Kalyani1ORCID,Pathak Manash Pratim2,Saikia Riya1,Gogoi Urvashee1,Sahariah Jon Jyoti1,Das Aparoop1ORCID,Ahmad Mohammad Zaki3,Paul Tirna1,Das Jyotirmoy4,Alqahtani Saif Aboud M.5

Affiliation:

1. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Assam 786004, India

2. Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Assam Down Town University, Panikhaiti, Guwahati-781026, Assam, India

3. Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

4. Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India

5. Internal Medicine Department, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Abstract

Abstract: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death globally, and coronary heart disease (CHD) is the most prominent one among the spectrum of CVD. Conventional CHD drugs pose an increased risk of pharmaceutical interactions. Moreover, the possibility of tainting or substituting other medications also raises concerns. Diet and lifestyle play an important role in preventing and treating heart disease, and certain spices and supplements can help reduce the risk of heart disease and treat it. Spices have been an important part of Indian culture from the dawn of time, valued for both their culinary and medicinal virtues. Indian spices and their bioactive phytoconstituents are reported to play an ameliorating role in treating CHD. Despite the fact that the majority of these spices have an effect on organic components associated with the cardiovascular system, data on their therapeutic effects is sparse. To make the most of the enormous potential of these spices, multidisciplinary research is the need of the hour to establish them as remedies for CVDs. We endeavour to document some ethnopharmacological studies aimed to establish the cellular and molecular cardio-protective mechanisms of the spices and their bioactive phytoconstituents using recently reported in vitro and in vivo studies. Finally, we reviewed and reported the results of the recent clinical trials that have been conducted using these spices with special emphasis on their efficacy, safety, and toxicity.

Funder

All India Council for Technical Education

Indian Council of Medical Research

Publisher

Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.

Subject

Complementary and alternative medicine,Drug Discovery

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