Affiliation:
1. Second Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
2. Cardiology Department, KAT Hospital, Athens, Greece
3. VA Medical Center, and George Washington University, Washington, DC 20422, United States
Abstract
Background:
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) still remains the leading cause of morbidity and
mortality worldwide. It is now established that inflammation plays a crucial role in atherosclerosis and
atherothrombosis, and thus, it is closely linked to cardiovascular disease.
Objective:
The aim of the present review is to summarize and critically appraise the most relevant evidence
regarding the potential use of inflammatory markers in the field of CVD.
Method:
We conducted a comprehensive research of the relevant literature, searching MEDLINE from
its inception until November 2018, primarily for meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials and observational
studies.
Results:
Established markers of inflammation, mainly C-reactive protein, have yielded significant results
both for primary and secondary prevention of CVD. Newer markers, such as lipoprotein-associated
phospholipase A2, lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1, cytokines, myeloperoxidase,
cell adhesion molecules, matrix metalloproteinases, and the CD40/CD40 ligand system, have been
largely evaluated in human studies, enrolling both individuals from the general population and patients
with established CVD. Some markers have yielded conflicting results; however, others are now recognized
not only as promising biomarkers of CVD, but also as potential therapeutic targets, establishing
the role of anti-inflammatory and pleiotropic drugs in CVD.
Conclusion:
There is significant evidence regarding the role of consolidated and novel inflammatory
markers in the field of diagnosis and prognosis of CVD. However, multimarker model assessment, validation
of cut-off values and cost-effectiveness analyses are required in order for those markers to be
integrated into daily clinical practice.
Publisher
Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.
Subject
Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine,Pharmacology
Cited by
14 articles.
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