Enhancing Work Zone Safety: Evaluating Static Merge Strategies Through Microscopic Traffic Simulation

Abstract

Background The utilization of merging control has been proposed as a strategy to maximize the capacity of roads in work zone areas. The static Early Merge (EM) and static Late Merge (LM) controls are extensively implemented among these strategies. Although many studies have investigated the efficacy of these controls through the analysis of field data or microscopic traffic simulations, such comparisons are frequently conducted under different work zone conditions, which can result in inconsistent, contradictory conclusions. Materials and Methods A simulation study was carried out using the VISSIM microscopic traffic simulator within a self-developed work zone featuring a 2-to-1 lane closure setup to comprehensively assess and contrast the traffic efficiency of the EM and LM controls. Furthermore, through a comprehensive analysis and comparison of network performance within the designed work zone across various scenarios, including queue length, vehicle delays, and travel time, the significant VISSIM parameters influencing the system's performance were identified. Results The analysis revealed that the parameters CC1 (headway time) and CC2 (longitudinal following threshold) from the car-following model exert more significant influence in the simulated work zone throughput than the Safety Distance Reduction Factor (SDRF) parameter from the lane-changing model. Discussion According to the simulation findings, implementing the EM control is preferable when drivers display aggressive behavior and maintain relatively short safety distances (i.e., low CC1 values). Conversely, opting for the LM control is more advisable in work zone areas where drivers demonstrate cautious driving tendencies and maintain longer safety distances (i.e., high CC1 values). Conclusion The efficacy of static EM and LM was analyzed in a 2-to-1 lane closure work zone on a freeway using the microscopic traffic simulator VISSIM. Simulation results were compared to identify the most relevant VISSIM parameters that influence work zone throughput. Our results indicate that the parameters CC1 and CC2 from the car-following model have a more substantial impact than the SDRF parameter from the lane-changing model. In particular, our comparison results suggest that the work zone throughput decreases in both the EM and LM scenarios as the values of CC1 and CC2 increase. Additionally, SDRF has a relatively negligible effect on the network performance of both merge strategies.