Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide in the Development and Treatment of Cardiac Remodeling and Aging

Abstract

Background: Recently, the beneficial effects of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) as an antiaging and antioxidant molecule have become a focus of research. However, the mechanisms by which NAD+ supplementation affects the associated metabolites under physiological conditions remain unclear. Specifically, although NAD+ is involved in several processes that are dysregulated in cardiovascular diseases, some effects of NAD+ precursors and NAD+ on cardiac diseases have started to gain recognition only recently. Objective: To discuss the influence of NAD+ supplementation on adverse cardiac remodeling and aging. Results: Supplementation with NAD+ precursors or nicotinamide riboside, which enhances or supplements the NAD+ metabolome, might have a protective effect on the heart. NAD+ can alleviate chronic heart failure via a mitochondrial oxidation–reduction (redox) state mechanism. Furthermore, NAD+ replenishment can improve the life span of mice. Conclusion: NAD+ exerts considerable antiaging and antioxidant effects with promising therapeutic effects. However, its effect in humans and use as a dietary supplement need to be studied further.