A Review on the Catalytic Applications of Polyaniline Supported Palladium (Pd@PANI) in C–C Coupling Reactions

Abstract

Abstract:The C ̶ C bond formation via the cross-coupling and homocoupling reactions of organic partners are central to the synthesis of many chemical probes and have valuable applications in the medicinal and pharmaceutical industries. Polyaniline (PANI) is the most useful performing polymer due to its non-toxicity, high stability, easy synthetic accessibility, and simplicity of doping/dedoping by treatment with aqueous acid and base. PANI plays a pivotal role as a polymer base for palladium (Pd) species and in most cases, the catalysts showed high yield, reaction transformation, and reusability. In this review, we discuss the application of the Pd@PANI catalyst for cross-coupling/homocoupling reactions, analysis, characterization, and reusability. We covered all literature about Pd@PANI catalyst functions in Suzuki-Miyaura, Heck, Sonogashira, and Ullmann coupling reactions.