Current Update on New Delhi Metallo-β-lactamase (NDM) Variants: New Challenges in the Journey of Evolution

Abstract

Abstract: New Delhi Metallo-β-lactamase is an enzyme produced by gram-negative bacteria which has become one of the global concerns for physicians to treating the infection. These Metallo- β-lactamase are capable of catalyzing the hydrolysis of almost all β-lactam antibiotics, endangering infection treatment. Substitution of single or multiple amino acids results in new NDM variants. Forty NDM variants have been identified in different bacterial strains across the globe. In this review, we focused on the structural insight of all NDM variants including the type of amino acid residues and their position of substitution, country of origin, and type of bacteria carrying these resistant markers. We also discussed the carbapenemase activity and stability of enzymes that helps to design potent inhibitors to combat drug-resistant infections.