Haemostatic and Haematological Parameters among Type 2 Diabetes Patients in A Tertiary Health Facility in Ondo State, Nigeria: A Cross-sectional Study

Abstract

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains one of the non-communicable metabolic disorders associated with serious thrombotic outcomes and risk of cardiovascular disease, which can be fatal. Aim: This study was therefore aimed at comparing the levels of haemostatic and haematological parameters of T2DM and non-diabetic subjects. The study also determines the relationship between haemostatic parameters with haematological parameters among the T2DM subjects. Methods: Total of 150 participants, comprising “75” of those with diabetes and those without diabetes, were recruited for the study. Blood samples were collected for the analysis of full blood count, Factor V, VII, and tissue plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (TPA I-1). Test of significance of means was carried out using the One-Way Analysis of variance test, while relationships were tested using Pearson correlation and logistic regression. Results: The results revealed significantly higher levels of Factor V, VII, and TPA I-1 among participants with diabetes when compared with those without diabetes. However, significantly lower levels of red cell parameters and red cell indices were observed in the participants with diabetes. In addition, with the exception of lymphocyte and eosinophil levels, all other white blood cells(WBC), platelets, and differential leukocyte parameters were significantly higher in the subjects with diabetes. Moreover, there was a significant positive correlation between Factors V and VII, TPA I – 1 and Factor VII, TPA I-1 and platelets, Factor VII and Haematocrit (HCT) levels in diabetic subjects. Conclusion: Conclusively, the correlation between pro-coagulant and hypofibrinolytic factors may be accountable for the hypercoagulability and thrombotic events which characterize T2DM, thereby providing an insight into factor-specific management of the disease with haematological parameters assisting routinely predict factor levels thereafter increasing the ease of prognosis of T2DM.