Histological Study to Evaluate the Effect of Local Application of Myrtus Communis Oil on Alveolar Bone Healing in Rats

Abstract

Background Reproving dental defects is still a significant problem in dentistry. Bone is a highly vascularized tissue that is reliant on maintaining skeletal structure. The medicinal properties of healthy and preventative herbs were recognized by both the ancient and modern pharmacists and doctors in medicine. The effects of Myrtus communis oil (M) are employed as a healing agent for bone loss with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. The advantage of Myrtus communis oil (M) is that it is a form of osteoconduction in the process of bone healing, decreases pain, and decreases the length of time needed for bone healing. Aim: to identify the effectiveness of Myrtus communis oil's local application in healing bone defects; the author performed a histological analysis. Materials and Methods This study involved 12 albino male rats weighing (300-400) grams, aged (6-8) months. The animals were subject to a surgical operation on the alveolar bone. The group of animals was divided into two distinct categories based on the applicable materials. Control group: 6 rats; bone defect was only washed by normal saline, and bone defect was left to heal normally. Myrtus communis group: 6 rats; bone defect treated by local application of 1 μl of Myrtus communis oil (M). The rats were sacrificed 7 and 14 days after surgery (six rats for each period). All bone sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin underwent a light microscope histological inspection, which included counting the number of bone cells (osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts) and evaluating the results of histomorphometric analysis. Results Histological and histomorphometric findings of the present study show the acceleration of bone defect healing process in the Myrtus communis group as the increase in mean count difference measured of osteoblast, osteocyte, and osteoclast with statistically significant in 7 days duration. The result shows the positive expression of osteoblast, osteocyte, and osteoclast in all groups, with the highest statistical difference in osteocyte mean number in the Myrtus communis group. Conclusion Myrtus communis oil (M) has the potential to promote and be an effective therapeutic for the bone injury healing process.