Detection of Caries Coronal Condition Prevalence of Permanent Teeth in Children using the International Caries Detection and Assessment System for Measuring Dental Caries: A Cross-sectional Study

Abstract

Background The International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) is a clinical scoring system for use in dentistry education, clinical practice, research, and epidemiology, and provides a framework to support and facilitate comprehensive caries care to improve long-term health outcomes for children. Objective To detect coronal caries in children using ICDAS for measuring dental caries to support and facilitate comprehensive caries care to improve long-term health outcomes for children. Methods Cross-sectional observational study designs were used for population-based surveys with detection codes for coronal caries according to ICDAS. Sampling techniques were used for purposive sampling, with sample size being used as the adequate sample size in the prevalence study. The sample consisted of 210 students from Puteran village in Tasikmalaya district, West Java, Indonesia, who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The data were analyzed using distribution frequency and the prevalence rate formula. Results The ICDAS assessment showed a caries prevalence of 91.4% among permanent teeth in children aged 6 to 12 years. The prevalence of caries is higher in the mandible than in the maxilla. At these ages, the majority of ICDAS assessments are code 1, and the percentage value of caries is higher in ICDAS code 1 than in codes 2 to 6. The trend of decreasing numbers indicates that the percentage value of ICDAS decreases from code 1 to code 5, which represents the most severe condition of caries. The teeth with the most caries detected in the upper jaw are teeth 16, 26, and in the lower jaw are teeth 31, 36, 41, and 46. Conclusion The ICDAS evaluation revealed a caries prevalence of 91.4% for permanent teeth. The mandible has a higher prevalence of caries than the maxilla. Code 1 is the most frequent ICDAS assessment code. There is a decrease in the percentage value of ICDAS from code 1 to code 5, which is the code with the most severe caries condition.