Dietary Polyphenols and its Molecular Mechanism in the Management of Breast Cancer

Abstract

Despite clinical and pharmacological advancement in medical science breast cancer has become a global concern due to the high mortality rate. Breast cancer is mainly associated with altered redox status, cell cycle, chronic inflammation, and increased proliferative rate. Breast cancer has various molecular subtypes and adequate knowledge of these altered cell cycle regulatory cascades and molecular subtypes of breast cancer is a must for proper prognosis and its successful treatment. The discovery of drugs with anticancer properties, particularly against the specific subtype of breast cancer has become a challenging task for cancer researchers. Dietary polyphenolic compounds as cancer chemopreventive agents have drawn much attention among researchers because polyphenolic compounds are natural in origin with lesser side effects and have a wide range of action against various subtypes of breast cancer. Dietary compounds with antioxidant properties have been reported to act on an array of genes and proteins associated with breast cancer pathogenesis and thus regulate the signaling cascade related to autophagy, chronic inflammation, apoptosis, and cell cycle regulation. All in all, these natural compounds regulate growth and progression of a tumour with less or no side effects. Thus, the current article focuses primarily here on various aspects of breast cancer and food polyphenolic compounds as wellas their molecular mechanism for managing breast cancer.