Affiliation:
1. CEDICLO – Interdepartmental Research Center for Pre-Latin, Latin and Oriental Rights and Culture Studies, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
2. Polypheno Academic Spin Off, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
Abstract
Aim:
Investigating about the history of allergies and discovery of the histamine’s role in the
immune response through historical references, starting with ancient anecdotes, analysing the first
immunization attempts on animals to understand its importance as the anaphylaxis mediator. Moreover,
we shortly resume the most recent discoveries on mast cell role in allergic diseases throughout the
latest updates on its antibody-independent receptors.
Methods:
Publications, including reviews, treatment guidelines, historical and medical books, on the topic of interest were
found on Medline, PubMed, Web of Knowledge, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Elsevier’s (EMBASE.comvarious internet museum archives. Texts from the National Library of Greece (Stavros Niarchos Foundation), from the School of Health
Sciences of the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (Greece). We selected key articles which could provide an
historical and scientific insight into histamine molecule and its mechanism of action’s discovery starting with Egyptian,
Greek and Chinese antiquity to end with the more recent pharmacological and molecular discoveries.
Results:
Allergic diseases were described by medicine since ancient times, without exactly understanding physio-pathologic
mechanisms of immuno-mediated reactions and of their most important biochemical mediator, histamine. Researches
on histamine and allergic mechanisms started at the beginning of the 20th century with the first experimental observations
on animals of anaphylactic reactions. Histamine was then identified as their major mediator of many allergic diseases and
anaphylaxis, but also of several physiologic body’s functions, and its four receptors were characterized. Modern researches
focus their attention on the fundamental role of the antibody-independent receptors of mast cells in allergic mechanisms, such as MRGPRX2, ADGRE2 and IL-33 receptor.
Conclusion:
New research should investigate how to modulate immunity cells activity in order to better investigate possible
multi-target therapies for host’s benefits in preclinical and clinical studies on allergic diseases in which mast cells play a major role.
Publisher
Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.
Subject
Immunology and Allergy,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Cited by
9 articles.
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