Ultrasound bioeffects and safety

Author:

Haar G ter1

Affiliation:

1. Joint Department of Physics, Institute of Cancer Research, Royal Marsden Hospital, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5PT, UK,

Abstract

The main mechanisms by which ultrasound can induce biological effects as it passes through the body are thermal and mechanical in nature. The mechanical effects are primarily related to the presence of gas, whether drawn out of solution by the negative going ultrasound pressure wave (acoustic cavitation), a naturally occurring gas body (such as lung alveoli), or deliberately introduced into the blood stream to increase imaging contrast (microbubble contrast agents). Observed biological effects are discussed in the context of these mechanisms and their relevance to ultrasound safety is discussed.

Publisher

SAGE Publications

Subject

Mechanical Engineering,General Medicine

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