Life History, Diagnosis, and Parasitoids of Zale phaeograpta (Lepidoptera: Erebidae)

Author:

Vázquez Yadira-Maibeth1,Martínez Ana-Mabel1,Valdez Jorge-Manuel2,Figueroa José-Isaac1,Rebollar Ángel3,Chavarrieta Juan Manuel1,Sánchez José-Antonio4,Viñuela Elisa5,Pineda Samuel1

Affiliation:

1. Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias y Forestales, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Km. 9.5 Carr, Morelia- Zinapécuaro, 58880 Tarímbaro, Michoacán, Mexico

2. Programa de Entomología y Acarología, Colegio de Postgraduados, Km. 35.5 Carr, México-Texcoco, 56230 Montecillo, Estado de México, Mexico

3. Centro Regional Universitario Centro Occidente, Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, 58170 Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico

4. Área de Control Biológico, CIIDIR Oaxaca, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Hornos No. 1003. 71230 Santa Cruz Xoxocotlán, Oaxaca, Mexico

5. Protección de Cultivos, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Agrónomos, 28040 Madrid, Spain

Abstract

Abstract Lepidopteran erebid Zale phaeograpta (Hampson) has recently been found feeding on blackberry leaves (Rubus sp., cultivar “Tupi”) in two sites of Michoacan, Mexico. The life cycle and several life parameters of this insect, including parasitism, were examined in the laboratory. The egg, larva (seven instars), prepupa, pupa, and adult stages lasted 4.1, 35.9, 3.1, 14.5, and 29.1 d, respectively. Eggs are turquoise blue. The prolegs of first-instar larvae have an enlarged dark area that runs laterally. From second instar onwards, a whitish longitudinal dorsal band is observed along the entire body. Third-instar larvae wear a pair of dorsal protuberances in abdominal segment VIII. The fourth- and fifth-instar larvae are cream-colored, whereas sixth instars are entirely creamy. Pupa is covered with a waxy bloom. The apical margin of the forewings in males has two silvery bands, whereas in females, a dark band is present. Female and male pupae had the same weight (0.5 g) and measured 2.21 and 2.25 cm, respectively. The adult sex ratio of females to males was 1.1:1. The cumulative number of eggs laid by female during her lifetime was 281, with preoviposition and oviposition periods of 9.9 and 7.3 d, respectively. Maximum oviposition occurred 3.9 d after the start of oviposition (87.7 eggs per female). Larvae of Z. phaeograpta were parasitized by Microplitis sp. (Braconidae) (33%) and a currently unidentified Ichneumonidae species (9%), and pupae were parasitized by Brachymeria comitator (Walker) and another unidentified Brachymeria sp. (Chalcididae).

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Insect Science

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