Resistance Training with Instability Does Not Hamper Total Training Volume and Muscle Strength Gains in Older Adults: a Secondary Analysis from REI Study

Abstract

Background Resistance training with instability (REI) emerged as a prom-ising training modality for older adults aiming to counteract age-related changes. Objectives We compared the effects of 12 weeks of REI and traditional resistance exercise (RE) on muscle strength in older adults with cognitive impairment. We further explored if total train-ing volume (TTV) significantly differs among training groups. Methods This is a secondary analysis of the REI study. Participants were randomly assigned to REI (n=22) or RE (n=23). RE protocol involved moderate-intensity, free-weight, and machines-based resistance exercises (3 sets, 10–15 repetitions). REI received a similar training protocol, in which exercises were simul-taneously performed with instability/unstable devices (e.g., squat exercise under a foam pad or Bosu® ball). Maximal isometric strength and isokinetic parameters were assessed at baseline and after completion of a 12-week intervention through a hydraulic handgrip and isokinetic dynamometer, respectively. TTV (sets × repetitions × load) was computed based on external training load over the 12 weeks. Results No differences were observed between groups (p=.35) after the intervention. Over 12 weeks, REI and RE improved iso-metric handgrip strength (p<.001) and isokinetic performance (p=.04). We also did not find differences in the TTV between training groups (p=.28). Conclusion We demonstrated that both REI and RE training induced similar gains in muscle strength. Combining unstable surfaces/instability devices did not hamper TTV, which may have clini-cal applications in the context of exercise for older adults.