Investigating PID Controller Effectiveness: An Extensive Analysis and Wide-ranging Uses

Abstract

This study offers an in-depth investigation of the performance of proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controllers, providing an extensive evaluation and analyzing a wide range of applications. PID controllers, essential feedback mechanisms in various domains, are recognized as foundational instruments in control systems. This study evaluates PID controllers in in scenarios such as DC motor speed regulation, power system stability, Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR) performance optimization, time delay processes, load frequency management, DC drive control, systematic process stability, and their developments in industrial control. The purpose of the study is to highlight the adaptability and effectiveness of PID controllers in contemporary control systems, including how artificial intelligence (AI) can be integrated into PID controller tuning.