Features of goat behaviour depending on the temperature and humidity index

Abstract

The temperature and humidity index (THI) is one of the most critical environmental factors, because it affects the body's thermoregulation and the overall productivity of goats. The study aimed to identify the relationship between the behavioural reactions of goats of different breeds and changes on the temperature and humidity index in the premises. The study used methods of time slices and recording of behavioural manifestations of goats. It was found that with a THI of 69-74%, the intensity of animal movement was high, but when the THI increased to 81%, activity sharply declined. After an extended stay in THI of 75-81%, goats find it quite challenging to restore average activity indicators. The animals were in the comfort zone (THI = 69-74%) and showed a moderate to weak approach to the feed table. With THI of 75-81%, goats showed interest; however, they did not consume feed. Animal rest positively correlates with such indicators as THI, r = from +0.40 (Saanen) to +0.49 (Alpine); movement in the pen, r = +0.62 and +0.66; approach to the feed table r = +0.32 and +0.31; and urination r = +0.16 and +0.12, respectively. A sharp increase in the rest frequency was detected at 76-81% THI. After normalising THI, animals also rested more frequently, which may be a consequence of heat stress. At the optimal level of THI (up to 74%), the frequency of goat rest decreased over a long period of time. A positive statistically insignificant correlation was established between THI and animal movement in the pen, r= from +0.19 (Saanen) to + 0.39 (Alpine). The movement of animals in the pen positively correlates with feed consumption, r = from +0.30 (Saanen) to +0.34 (Alpine), and negatively with the rumination process in animals, r = from -0.23 (Alpine) to -0.68 (Saanen). It was found that goats of the Saanen breed are more dependent on THI than the Alpine breed. The study's results should be considered when regulating the microclimate on premises for dairy goats and male goats