Productivity and quality indicators of indeterminant tomato hybrids

Abstract

The article presents the results of a study of the influence of the assortment of the studied indeterminate type tomato hybrids on productivity and quality years of the yield. One of the main areas of intensification of the vegetable growing industry is the level of manufacturability in the process of caring for crops and harvesting, which, among other things, depends on the biological potential of hybrids. Given the constant increase in the range of tomatoes available in Ukraine, certain aspects of substantiating the features of the formation of the crop of indeterminate tomato hybrids in terms of the formation of an effective technology for growing tomatoes in spring film greenhouses remain insufficiently studied and quite relevant at the present stage. The purpose of the research was to evaluate and select the yield of tomato hybrids for growing in film greenhouses. There are a number of studies on the influence of varieties and hybrids on the yield and quality of tomato fruits, because it is genetic characteristics, together with production technologies, that determine the degree of influence of these indicators. The article presents the results of a study of the influence of the assortment of the studied indeterminate tomato hybrids on the yield. Experimental studies were carried out for five years in a field crop rotation. The experimental site is located in the eastern part of the left-bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine, on the territory of the Kharkiv district of the Kharkiv region. The following F1 hybrids were studied in the experiment: Berberana, Panekra, Matias, Belfort, Tobolsk, Zulfiya, Signora, Ronda, Makhitos, Bostina, Alamina, Yarina, Toivo. A single appearance of the first true leaf was observed 4-5 days after the common ladder, and the general appearance after 6-7 days. the length of the stem in the control variant was 295.0 cm. The smallest length was noted in the hybrids F1 Makhitos and Yarina - 270.0 cm, 8.5% less than the control. And the maximum height indicators were noted in the F1 hybrids Signor and Alamina - at the level of 325.0 cm, 10.2% higher than in the control in the Berberan F1 hybrid. The diameter of the stem in the fruiting phase ranged, on average, from 1.8 cm in F1 hybrids Zulfiya and Alamina to 2.1 cm in F1 hybrids Panekra and Signora. In the control, the stem diameter was 2.0 cm. The maximum number of leaves was obtained in the F1 hybrids Signor and Alamina - 28 leaves, 7.7% more than the control. In F1 hybrids, Makhitos and Toivo received, on average, 24 leaves each, 7.7% less control. The minimum number was noted in the hybrid Yarina F1 - 23 leaves, 11.5% less than the control. In the control, the number of leaves was 26 pcs. In general, all hybrids showed the optimal number of leaves for these hybrids. On all hybrids, the number of brushes optimal for the fruiting phase for these hybrids was from 10 pcs. in hybrids F1 Panekra, Zulfiya, Makhitos, Bostina, Yarina, Toivo up to 12 pcs. F1 hybrids Matias, Belfort, Signora, Bostina, Alamina. in the control variant and in the Ronda F1 hybrid - 11 pcs. The conducted studies showed that the biometric characteristics of tomato plants significantly depended on the hybrid under study. One of the most important indicators that determine the feasibility of growing one or another tomato hybrid is the yield. The influence of the hybrid genotype on the level of productivity of modern tomato hybrids when grown in film greenhouses was determined. Based on the results of the studies, it was found that the yield of marketable fruits changed over the years of research and depended on the assortment of the studied hybrids. Yield indicators indicate that the difference in biometric parameters is observed depending on the assortment of the studied indeterminate tomato hybrids. In the course of the experiment, it was determined that F1 hybrids of Signora, Belfort and Matias were distinguished by a set of biometric indicators, which, when grown in a spring film greenhouse, develop better and have better ratios of vegetative mass, plant height, leaf surface area and average fruit weight. Based on the results of the field experiment, it was shown that the Berberana F1 hybrid plants (control) formed an average yield during the growing season at the level of 15.5 kg/m2. The highest yield was recorded in the Signora F1 hybrid - 16.9 kg/m2, which is 1.4 kg/m2 more than the control. The Matias F1 hybrid also showed itself well, the yield of which was 16.4 kg/m2, and was 0.9 kg/m2 more than the control. It was determined that F1 hybrids Mathias and Signora, which are characterized by the best growth and development of plants and show the highest yield among the studied ones, turned out to be the best for growing in film greenhouses in the spring-summer crop change.