FEATURES OF BUFFALO BUBALUS BUBALIS BUBALIS GENETIC STRUCTURE ACCORDING TO COMPLEX GENOTYPES

Abstract

Buffalo breeding is an ancient traditional branch of animal husbandry in Ukraine. Basically, "Ukrainian" buffaloes belong to the river buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) and are bred for milk and meat productivity. Polymorphism of genes of milk proteins and hormones will allow selection of buffaloes taking into account "desired" genotypes for economic and useful traits. Taking into account the polygenic nature of the formation of milk and meat productivity, the purpose of the study was to reveal the features of the genetic structure of the "Ukrainian" buffalo based on complex genotypes - combinations of valuable genes that affect milk and meat productivity. The research was conducted on the basis of the laboratory of the Department of Animal Genetics and Biotechnology of the Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics named after M.V. Teeth of the National Academy of Sciences using the PCR-PDRF method. As a result of the analysis of the obtained results, complex genotypes were determined for three milk protein genes and two hormone genes. Carriers of the complex genotype CSN2A2A2/CSN3AA/βLGBB (61 individuals or 92%) and GHLL/TG5TT (66 individuals or 100%) predominate among the studied animals. If we evaluate the manifestation of complex genotypes in buffaloes in general, then the variant CSN2А2А2/CSN3АА/βLGВВ/GHLL/TG5ТТ was in the lead, which appeared in 61 studied animals, which accounted for 92% of the total number. The variant of the complex genotype for all studied genes, which carries the desired alleles - CSN2А2А2/CSN3АВ/βLGВВ/GHLL/TG5ТТ, is 8% of all tested animals. The research results are of interest in the field of molecular genetic analysis of the buffalo genome, which is the source of specific properties. The studied important candidate genes associated with economically useful traits of milk and meat productivity can be used as markers in breeding programs.