Towards sustainable mangrove-shrimp aquaculture through capacity building and partnership in the Mekong River Delta

Abstract

Vietnam, the world’s third-largest shrimp producer, witnessed a surge in shrimp farming when rice fields were converted into ponds, aiming to alleviate poverty in the Mekong River Delta (MRD). However, this growth significantly contributed to the decline of mangrove forests, as indicated by empirical and geospatial data. Local authorities have encouraged the application of “International Principles” to promote sustainable mangrove-shrimp aquaculture in MRD provinces. Tra Vinh, a province with a high rate of mangrove-shrimp farming, faces challenges in applying international standards, particularly for small-scale farmers. Understanding the circumstances in Tra Vinh is crucial not only for local farmers but also for stakeholders in the region. An in-depth review, local needs assessment, and a capacity-building program centred on the Asian Seafood Improvement Collaborative (ASIC) standards were conducted in Tra Vinh. The findings suggest that adhering to ecological/organic shrimp farming based on international standards is the right direction for local shrimp farmers. However, increased awareness alone does not guarantee a shift from traditional to internationally certified sustainable shrimp farming. The study highlights the role of private-private partnerships (PPPs) in facilitating the transition to sustainable mangrove-shrimp farming, emphasising that sustainable practices in the MRD are essential for household income, mangrove forest protection, environmental conservation, and climate resilience.