A case report on diabetic ketoacidosis in 5 years old female child

Abstract

Diabetic ketoacidosis is characterised by an insulin deficiency, metabolic acidosis and increased ketone concentration in the body which can be normalised by insulin replacement and electrolyte replacement therapy. One in three children suffers with type 1 diabetes (T1D), across the US and globally, the incidence of the disease is rising among the paediatrics by over 3% annually. The diagnosis of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) was based on the presence of hyperglycaemia (blood glucose > 11 mmol/L), acidosis (serum bicarbonate < 15 mmol/L) and ketonuria (urine ketone ≥1+). Gestational diabetes is a common abnormality of glucose metabolism during pregnancy which affects foetal development and an alteration in the balance of glucagon and insulin is affected due to an overproduction of glucose and ketones in the liver, with free release of fatty acids from adipose tissue. A case of 5 years old female child presented with increased urination, increased appetite and sudden weight loss since 1 month and her RBS range was found to be 426mg/dl. Child underwent laboratory investigations, GRBS monitoring every 3 and assessed as Diabetic ketoacidosis with uncontrolled sugars. The child was treated with insulin supplementation for 3 days, recovered and child was hemodynamically stable and got discharged.