Regulation of polarization of lung macrophages by Nur77/Nr4a1

Abstract

Nur77, also known as NR4A1 (nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 1), is a transcription factor belonging to the NR4A subfamily of nuclear receptors. Emerging evidence suggests its involvement in modulating macrophage polarization states.Macrophages are versatile immune cells that can adopt distinct functional states depending on the signals they receive from their microenvironment. Two main polarization states are commonly recognized: the classically activated (M1) phenotype, associated with pro-inflammatory responses, and the alternatively activated (M2) phenotype, linked to tissue repair and immunoregulation. The balance between M1 and M2 polarization is critical for maintaining immune homeostasis in the lung.Several studies have indicated that Nur77/NR4A1 may influence macrophage polarization towards the M1 phenotype. Also, other studies have also indicated a potential role for Nur77 in regulating M2 polarization of macrophages. Research findings suggest a dual role for Nur77 in modulating macrophage polarization, potentially promoting both M1 and M2 phenotypes depending on the context and specific signaling cues.It's important to note that the exact mechanisms underlying Nur77's regulation of macrophage polarization in the lung are still being elucidated. Further research is needed to fully understand the complex interplay between Nur77, other transcription factors, and the signaling pathways involved in lung macrophage polarization. Nonetheless, the current evidence suggests that Nur77/NR4A1 is a key player in orchestrating the immune responses of lung macrophages and may have a role in regulating their polarization towards both M1 and M2 phenotypes.