One month and one year mortality of hip fractures in a tertiary care hospital in south India- A retrospective cohort study

Abstract

: Worldwide incidence of hip fractures is estimated to increase by 4.50-6.26 million by 2050 and half of that being in Asia. With a 30-day death rate between 5% and 10% and a one-year mortality rate as high as 40%. This should be a great health burden to India. Our aim is to look at 1 month and 1 year mortality rate in this high-risk group and factors which might influence them. This 2-year retrospective cohort analysis was carried out at our hospital which is a Level III Trauma Care Hospital in South India. Case notes were analyzed, and telephone interview was done to check one year mortality. : 167 patients in total, with a mean age of 70.8, were evaluated; 90 of these patients (53.9%) were men, and 77 (46.1%) were women. Of the 167 patients, 51 (30.53%) underwent hemiarthroplasty, 84 (50.29%) proximal femur nails, and 24 (14.37%) Total hip replacements (THR). In our study 4 patients (2.4%) died within 30 days of admission, and 25 (14.9%) died within a year following surgery. As the patients' ASA grade increases, the mortality rate also increases. Postoperative complications were another one of the strongest predictors of death. The most significant contributing factor to mortality in hip fractures is found to be timing of surgical intervention. Our mortality rate is comparable to or lower than that of developed nations. ASA grade, Presence of postoperative complication, time delay to surgery were significant contributing factors in our study.