Biochemical, ­­­radiological and histopathological assessment of bone regeneration properties of Cissus quadrangularis, a medicinal herb: A study on drill hole fractured bones of Wistar rats

Abstract

, iscommonly known as Hadjod in Hindi or bone setter due to its bone fracture healing properties. The presence of secondary metabolites plays an important role due to its characteristic properties. A number of studies were reported by the traditional healers for its bone healing properties but no clinical investigations including radiological and histopathological studies were done before in order for scientific validation of hadjod extracts. The present study involves use of C-ARM X-ray under controlled condition for creating an artificial fracture of tibia bone of experimental Wistar rats. The phytochemical isolation was done by using successive extraction of plant material followed by chromatographic separation using polar to non-polar solvents. The radiological study was done using high resolution Helical CT scan by measuring variation in Hounsfield Unit (HU) value at proximal end of fracture at different time intervals. The histopathological study was done by the appropriate processing of slides at the fractured site. The histopathological changes were recorded and grading done on the basis of bone development stage within the callus.The histopathological results of one of the fraction (F-5) of petroleum ether extract showed mature bone formation grade - 9 on scale of bone healing which was higher than control group with grade - 5 on scale of bone healing. On the other hand crude ethanol extracts (A-4) showed the highest scale grade-10 of bone formation represents lamellar /mature bone formation. Based upon radiological and histopathological studies, secondary metabolites presents in Petroleum ether and ethanol extract showed good results in terms of callus formation at fractured site.