Exploring the microbiome: New horizons for emerging therapeutics

Abstract

The document discusses the topic of microbiomes, specifically focusing on the human microbiome and its various aspects. It starts by explaining the concept of human microbiota, which refers to the collection of microorganisms that live in and interact with the human body. The document highlights the importance of these microbial ecosystems in maintaining overall health and wellbeing. The composition and function of the gut microbiome undergo significant changes during the first year of life, especially with the introduction of solid foods. The document discusses the different bacterial phyla that dominate the gut microbiome in neonatal infants and adults. It also mentions the role of the human gut microbiome in various health conditions such as liver diseases, diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease, autoimmune diseases, colon cancer, and central nervous system disorders. The document highlights the different sequencing techniques used in microbiome research, such as ITS sequencing, PCR amplicon-based sequencing, and shotgun metagenomic sequencing. It also discusses the concept of the halobiont and holo genome in relation to the microbiome. The document emphasizes the importance of studying the microbiome in the context of ecosystem health and discusses the impact of human populations on environmental microorganisms. Furthermore, the document covers the microbial barrier in the human gut, the role of the gut microbiota in various metabolic processes, and the application of gut microbiomes in bioengineering, both in humans and other organisms. Lastly, it discusses the importance of dietary interventions, prebiotics, and the role of various diets in influencing the composition of the gut microbiome and treating gastrointestinal disorders. Overall, the document provides a comprehensive overview of the human microbiome and its significance in health and disease, as well as its potential applications in bioengineering and dietary interventions.