Penile carcinoma: Multi-options possible requirements

Abstract

There is a relatively higher incidence of penile cancer in India 3.32 per 100 000 men, whereas Jewish men have the lowest incidence. The risk factors include phimosis, balanitis, and no circumcision. Human papillomavirus accounts for 40% of cases. Other factors include obesity, smoking, Psoralen UV- A therapy. Penile cancer is common above the age of 50 years. 95% of penile cancer is a squamous cell, carcinoma. Treatment of Penile carcinoma is stage wise, where surgery, partial or total penectomy, radiation therapy, or chemotherapy are a mainstay. Laser therapy is often used in the treatment of both CIS and low-grade/stage invasive disease. The neoadjuvant regimen often used is TIP, which consists of 4 cycles of paclitaxel, ifosfamide, and cisplatin. Nimotuzumab EGFR-antibody treatment as an alternative salvage treatment for advanced penile cancer. Immune Checkpoints blockades such as cabozantinib are evaluated in resistant diseases. Avelumab is currently tested in penile cancer patients in two ongoing trials.