Comparative study of antibiotic sensitivity pattern of bacterial isolates from ocular infections among patients with and without diabetes mellitus

Abstract

Antibiotic sensitivity pattern of bacterial isolates varies from place to place and time to time. This study is aimed at determining the sensitivity patterns in our setup. In the era of emerging resistance to antibiotics, there is a need to determine the antibiotic sensitivity pattern of bacterial isolates from ocular infections and to compare the antibiotic sensitivity pattern of bacterial isolates in ocular infections among patients with and without diabetes mellitus. 1. To determine the antibiotic sensitivity pattern of bacterial isolates in ocular infections. 2. To compare the antibiotic sensitivity pattern of bacterial isolates from ocular infections among patients with and without diabetes mellitus. 3. To study the predisposing factors for development of the multidrug resistant bacteria in ocular infections.: It was a hospital based cross-sectional study carried out among the patients presenting to Outpatient department of Hassan Institute of Medical Sciences, Hassan, Karnataka from January 2022 to June 2022. The aims and objectives of the intended study were explained to the subjects and informed written consent was taken. Institutional ethical clearance was obtained. Data was collected as per the proforma sheet. 110 samples were divided into two groups- Diabetics (Group A) & Non diabetics (Group B). Majority70(63.6%) of samples sent were from ocular pathology Chronic dacryocystitis. Positivity rate of cultures was 31.8%. Most common isolate in both groups was Staphylococcus aureus. 89% of positive culture patients had history of antibiotic abuse. Highest sensitivity was seen with aminoglycosides and resistance was seen with macrolide like azithromycin and fluroquinolone like ciprofloxacin. Antibiotic sensitivity and resistance patterns of bacterial isolates in ocular infections was similar in both Diabetics (Group A) and Non diabetics (Group B). Highest sensitivity was seen for Amikacin, Gentamicin and Tobramycin in both groups. Highest resistance was seen for Azithromycin, Amoxicillin clavulanic acid, Ciprofloxacin in both groups.Multidrug resistance was due to previous history of use of antibiotics, injudicious use of antibiotics for viral, allergic and other conditions, incomplete treatment for ocular infections and extended duration of antibiotic usage.