Assessment of anaemia and hyperglycaemic status in progression of diabetic retinopathy along with macular changes: A case control study

Abstract

: Diabetes-related visual impairment is preventable through control measures. As diabetic retinopathy and maculopathy lack effective treatment, prevention is key. This study examines glucose, HbA1c, and hemoglobin to assess their impact on disease development and severity.Study includes 100 case (diabetic retinopathy) and 100 control (diabetes without retinopathy)subjects. Further, case group was subdivided into subgroups according to its severity and depending on the presence of maculopathy. Thereafter, values of different renal parameters were compared between these sub groups.The mean FBS and PPBS values significantly correlate with diabetic retinopathy (DR) severity (P<0.001 for FBS, P=0.012 for PPBS). Uncontrolled diabetes compounds DR risk. All very severe NPDR and PDR patients had HbA1c >7.0. No significant relationship between HbA1c and DR severity (P=0.302) was found. Elevated HbA1c in cases (P<0.001) underscores hyperglycemia's role. CSME, F/PP blood sugar, and HbA1c show no significant correlation. DR group has higher anemia likelihood (P=0.001), increasing with severity (P=0.017). Hemoglobin's relation to CSME is statistically insignificant.Elevated FBS, PPBS, and HbA1C levels in diabetic retinopathy (DR) cases link hyperglycemia to DR development. Severity correlates with these parameters. HbA1C rises notably in severe NPDR and PDR. Anemia risk increases, but CSME shows no significant correlation. Monitoring biochemistry is vital due to limited DR treatment options.