Evaluation of changes in minerals like calcium, phosphorus and parathormone levels in ESRD patients on haemodialysis: A case control study

Abstract

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an international public health problem affecting about 5–10% of the population. KDOQI guidelines highlight the importance of measuring the parathyroid hormone levels annually once diagnosed with CKD. If the levels are maintained within the target range, then the various complications can be prevented by adequate treatment. 1. To measure the levels of Calcium, Phosphorus, Alkaline phosphatase and parathyroid hormone levels in patients with stage 4 kidney disease. 2. To compare these biochemical parameters with healthy controls. 50 CKD patients visiting dialysis unit were included in the study. Patients with congenital renal disorders were excluded. A written informed consent was taken from all patients. The personal details of patients were documented. Clinical history, personal & family history was taken in detail from each patient. 50 Healthy individuals were included as controls in the study. Statistically significant increase in levels of Calcium, Phosphorus, Alkaline phosphatase, Uric acid and parathyroid hormones were seen in CKD patients as compared to controls. The levels of parathormone, calcium & phosphorus are used as surrogate markers of disease progression. Alteration in minerals like calcium and Phosphorus occurs early in the course of disease and are responsible for various cardiovascular manifestations and bone osteodystrophy. The ultimate goals of treating secondary hyperparathyroidism are to normalize mineral metabolism, prevent bone disease and prevent extra skeletal manifestations of the altered biochemical processes.