Cytopathological study of thyroid lesions and its correlation with histopathology in a tertiary care centre of Gujarat – A retrospective study

Abstract

Thyroid gland is one the important organs, which play a wide and vital physiological role in the body. Thyroid diseases are quite common. The incidence of thyroid diseases depends mainly depending upon iron deficiency status. Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) plays a vital role in evaluating patients with thyroid nodules. Surgical excision and histopathological evaluation are crucial to establish the diagnosis.This study mainly aims to classify the cytomorphology of palpable thyroid lesions by FNAC and correlate the results with histopathology. This study also aims to determine the spectrum of histopathological diagnosis in thyroid surgeries. The present study was carried out at cytopathology and histopathology section of pathology department of GMERS Medical College, Valsad. In present study, we analysed 276 cases of palpable thyroid nodule underwent FNAC. Out of them 152 cases underwent surgical procedure like lobectomy or partial or total thyroidectomy Out of these 276 patient, females were 218 and males were 58 with F:M ratio of 3.76:1. Out of total 276 patients, 81 (29.3%) were between 31-40 years followed by 75 (27.2%) were between 21-30 years and 237 (85.9%) were fall into category-II. Out of these 152 patients, 88 (57.9%) having colloid goitre and 79 (89.7%) were confirmed histologically. FNAC is an invaluable tool in management of thyroid lesions. It is a safe, simple and cost effective procedure and can be performed on outdoor patients. If the cytology report is malignant, surgery is the recommended procedure; for suspicious lesions, repeat aspiration is required and for benign lesions no further immediate diagnostic studies are required.