Photobiomodulation in restorative dentistry and endodontics

Abstract

Photobiomodulation (PBM), often also known as low-level laser therapy, is a non-invasive method of treatment. It employs a specific wavelength of red and infrared light and induces several physiological responses in cells and tissues that form the foundation of PBM. This light treatment photochemically stimulates the cells to produce chemicals, such as adenosine triphosphate, reactive oxygen species, calcium ions, etc. This contributes further to cellular proliferation, differentiation, and migration. On specific tissues, PBM aids in pain relief, stimulates tissue repair, and has an anti-inflammatory impact. PBM research began in the 1960s, and several earlier studies have demonstrated that this therapy has many uses in various dental specialities. At present, more research is being undertaken to identify other positive features of this medicine in the field of endodontics.