Temporomandibular joint disorders in children and adolescent: A review

Abstract

Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are a group of joint and muscular dysfunctions affecting the Cranio-orofacial area. Historically, TMDs were once believed to solely affect adults; however, recent studies have discovered an increased prevalence of TMD signs and symptoms in children and adolescents. The reported prevalence of these disorders in pediatric patients varies significantly due to methodological variations among studies; as a result, standardized diagnostic criteria for children are required. In this age group, TMDs can cause pain in the masticatory muscles and TMJs, as well as limited or asymmetric mouth opening and TMJ sounds. Rather than a single causative element, TMDs are produced by a combination of factors such as trauma, occlusion, systemic and developmental problems, and psychological disorders. A complete history and examination, which may include imaging, are essential to obtain a precise diagnosis and assure successful treatment of many disorders. For these issues, there is a range of therapeutic interventions available, although reversible treatments should be favored.