Congenital cervical teratoma

Abstract

: Teratoma, originating from the Greek word "teras" meaning "monster," reflects its diverse tissue composition, often containing ectodermal, mesodermal, and endodermal tissues. These embryonic germ layers contribute to the rarity of teratomas in the neck, though they are more commonly found in the sacrococcygeal area. Notably, teratomas occurring in the cervical region can lead to life-threatening symptoms due to their mass effect.: A 26-year-old multiparous woman highlighted the challenges of managing cervical teratomas. During her 38th week of gestation, an ultrasound revealed a tumour on the foetus's neck, measuring 5.2 x 4.7 cm with doppler, neovascularization, and solid parts suspected to be a teratoma. The patient, despite no prior illness, had not taken prescribed vitamins during pregnancy. She underwent a caesarean section, delivering a baby girl weighing 3100 grams with an Apgar score of 8, who was found to have a solid mass in the posterior neck. The baby underwent surgery three days later, where 200-gram mass was removed and identified as a mature teratoma through anatomical pathology examination. The successful surgery allowed the mother and baby to return home in good condition.: Teratomas emphasized their diverse nature, with cervical teratomas mostly affecting females and originating from early aberrant germ cells. These tumours, often neuroepithelial, rarely become malignant. Diagnosis involves prenatal ultrasonography, aiding in intervention planning, while postnatal imaging guides surgical approaches.: Congenital teratomas pose challenges in prenatal diagnosis and management, requiring a multidisciplinary approach. Early detection through antenatal imaging, surgical excision, and meticulous follow-up are crucial for optimal outcomes, emphasizing the importance of comprehensive care and collaboration across medical specialties.