Various materials used for the repair of bone defects: A review

Abstract

Now a days most commonly used material to treat the defects in the bone after trauma or after any pathology are bone grafts. Bone grafting is a procedure which is performed surgically to join any defect which is surrounding the bone or for the union of the bone. It was found that the graft material which are allogenic in nature as well as other bioactive synthetic substitutes of the bone graft material shows good integration with the remaining bone. To increase the chances of acceptance of these allogenic bone graft materials and others synthetic bioactive graft materials addition of different growth factors for e.g. such as bone morphogenic proteins, platelet rich plasma, platelet rich fibrin have been considered very well. Bone is found to be the second commonly transplanted tissue after the blood. There are various methods present in the treatment of the bone defects such as guided regeneration of bone, use of stem cells and bone grafts, but bone graft shows promising results in the terms of maintaining the normal outline structure of the bone, bone grafts helps in maintaining the aesthetic restoration, helps in eliminating the space or defect which is surrounding the bone due to trauma or due to any pathological condition, helps in providing the width or height for the ease of placement of implant in the oral cavity.