Sleep-disordered breathing and dental sleep medicine: Implications for oral health and overall well-being

Abstract

Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is a prevalent condition that encompasses a range of disorders, such as snoring, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and upper airway resistance syndrome. These disorders have significant implications for both oral health and overall well-being. Dental sleep medicine (DSM) plays a crucial role in the identification, diagnosis, and management of SDB, offering effective treatment options for patients. As awareness grows regarding the detrimental effects of airway disorders, particularly obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), as a sleep-related breathing disorder, it becomes important to recognize the potential role of dentists in offering solutions in this field. This recognition gives rise to a new aspect of dentistry known as Dental Sleep Medicine (DSM). DSM focuses on the practice of clinical dentistry with the goal of achieving an ideal jaw relationship and establishing normal oral function and performance. One crucial aspect of function and performance is the airway and breathing, which is among the most vital functions for human beings. Any alterations in the airway and breathing patterns can lead to changes in the posture of the tongue, jaws, and head, ultimately resulting in malocclusion. Early dental treatment not only has a positive impact on the teeth but also helps establish the best possible airway at an early age. Dentists now play a crucial and integral role as part of an interdisciplinary group involved in managing Sleep-Related Breathing Disorders (SRBDs). This review article aims to provide guidance to dentists in identifying children or adults who are suspected or at risk of SRBDs. Additionally, it will explain the roles of dentists and orthodontists in the management and treatment of SRBDs.