Histopathological study of neoplastic lesions of upper gastrointestinal tract endoscopic biopsies

Abstract

Upper gastrointestinal tract disorders are one of the most commonly encountered problems in clinical practice and are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. A wide spectrum of disorders can affect the upper gastrointestinal tract, with inflammatory and neoplastic lesions being the most common. Endoscopy, in combination with biopsy plays an important role in timely diagnosis and early management.To study the spectrum of neoplastic lesions of upper gastrointestinal tract and its correlation with socio-demographic details.This is a cross-sectional study conducted at department of pathology, MMCRI from January 2019 to June 2020.A total of 87 upper GI endoscopic biopsies were received and were routine processed and histopathological assessment was done. Thereafter, 50 biopsies diagnosed as neoplastic lesions were included in the present study. Age of the patients varied from 41-80 years with male : female ratio of 2.3 :1. Out of 50 endoscopic biopsies, 34 cases( 68%) were from esophagus and 16 (32%) from stomach. All cases were malignant. Squamous cell carcinoma was the commonest malignancy in the esophagus while adenocarcinoma was the commonest malignancy of stomach.Endoscopy guided biopsy of upper GIT is simple, safe, cost effective, day care procedure with less complication rates and gives direct visualization of pathological site. Most of the patients with GIT malignancy have vague symptoms or no symptoms in early stage and are often diagnosed only in advanced stage. Hence, endoscopy in combination with biopsy acts as a useful diagnostic tool for upper GI lesions and has revolutionized the management of patients.