Doppler abnormalities and perinatal outcome in growth restricted fetuses in a tertiary care center: A retrospective study

Abstract

Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR), is a significant contributor to foetal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. The majority of prenatal problems that result in negative outcomes can be avoided with early identification and prompt management measures. Doppler ultrasonography is widely used to make the diagnosis of IUGR in foetuses and to monitor the progression in-utero. The purpose of the current study is to predict the perinatal prognosis of foetuses with growth restriction based on doppler abnormalities. A retrospective analysis was conducted among 134 cases of diagnosed IUGR in routine ultrasound from the year 2015 to 2021. Socio-demographic data, baby delivery details, and the ultrasound details regarding doppler evaluation of Umbilical Artery (UA) and Middle cerebral artery (MCA) were collected. The fetal cerebro-placental ratio (CPR) was then analysed with the fetal outcomes in the cases. Abnormal doppler was found in 31 out of 134 cases, with a CPR<1. There was significant association of gestational age, mode of delivery and birth weight variables with abnormal doppler. The mean birth weight of the baby (2052 grams), and NICU admission of the babies (17.6%) have also shown statistical association with abnormal doppler (p<0.05).Doppler velocimetry is the non-invasive method for identifying foetal growth restriction and anticipating perinatal difficulties, which aids the obstetrician in providing good antenatal care and prompt intervention and prevention of perinatal morbidity and mortality.