Primary ovarian insufficiency- An overview: Part 2 diagnosis and management

Abstract

Loss of normal ovarian function before the age of 40 characterizes primary ovarian insufficiency (POI), sometimes called premature ovarian failure or early menopause. Many women all around the globe deal with this serious reproductive health issue. The purpose of this study is to provide a broad perspective on how to identify and treat primary ovarian insufficiency. Clinical symptoms, hormone profiles, and ovarian imaging all play a role in making a diagnosis of POI. Genetic predisposition, autoimmune disease, and medical intervention are all possible origins. Counseling and treatment techniques for afflicted women can only be used when a timely and correct diagnosis has been made. Hormone replacement treatment (HRT) for symptom alleviation, avoidance of long-term consequences including osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease, and preservation of fertility are all part of the management of postmenopausal irritability (POI). To reduce the severity of menopausal symptoms and safeguard bone health, oestrogen replacement treatment is needed. HRT selection should be patient-specific, taking into account factors like as age, co-morbidities, and individual preferences. If a young woman is diagnosed with POI and she wants to have children in the future, she and her doctor should talk about fertility preservation strategies such oocyte or ovarian tissue cryopreservation. The latest treatments and possible revolutionary methods to POI management are also discussed in this overview. Stem cell therapy, ovarian tissue transplantation, and hormone manipulation are all examples of such unproven methods. While these treatments are still in their infancy, they show promise for the future of POI management. In conclusion, this review article gives a comprehensive, up-to-date explanation of how primary ovarian insufficiency is diagnosed and treated. Early detection, proper counselling, and individualised treatment plans are emphasised for afflicted females. The reproductive and overall health results of these people may be improved with a deeper knowledge of the processes producing POI and the development of more effective medicines.