Effects of hypothyroidism in Indian women of reproductive age group – A review article

Abstract

Thyroid diseases are the commonest endocrine disorders worldwide. Thyroid dysfunction is 10 times more common in women than in men. Hypothyroidism among women of reproductive age group is linked to menstrual irregularities, polycystic ovaries, recurrent pregnancy loss and infertility The aim of the present review is to provide a comprehensive view of the literature regarding the association of hypothyroidism in reproductive age group women 15-45 years.: A literature search was performed using electronic databases like Pubmed/ Medline to identify from 2000 to 201 8. The search yielded around 18 original research articles. In Correlation of Hypothyroidism with Reproductive Health Problem, the various studies results show that menorrghia is the commonest menstrual irregularity in 27%-72%, next common menstrual irregularity is oligomenorrhea varying from 5 - 26 %. As reviewed from various other studies on association of hypothyroidism with PCOS was found to be between 21% - 32%, Hypothyroidism with Infertility was 22% - 32% and hypothyroidism with recurrent pregnancy loss was found to be 4-15%. In reproductive age women with hypothyroidism have reproductive health problems like menstrual irregularities, polycystic ovarian syndrome, miscarriages and infertility. Hence thyroid function test should be routinely recommended for all women in reproductive age as it helps in early detection of hypothyr oidism that can be treated medically with hormones and is cost-effective. Unnecessary surgery can be avoided in menstrual irregularities like menorrhagia and complications of pregnancy can be prevented which will reduce burden on the health system and society.