Bacteriological profile and antibiogram analysis from a tertiary care centre in eastern India: Time to Act / ReAct

Abstract

Development of antimicrobial resistance imposes a serious threat to the timely and efficient healing of mankind who fall prey to the infectious agents. It is increasingly being reported day by day throughout the world. Irrational and overuse of antibiotics coupled with unavailability of regional or local antibiogram aggravates the situation further.To understand and present the local antbiogram data for this region and bridge the existing knowledge gap about the same for this particular region.Two year data was retrospectively analyzed from a 750 bedded tertiary care centre.A total of 1143 non repeat isolates were studied, their antibiogram profiles were analyzed. Percentage of Gram negative bacteria obtained were 59.6%, while Gram Positive bacteria were obtained in 40.4% of the isolates. (22.8%) was the most common organism isolated, followed by Staphylococcus aureus (14.2%), Other sp(12.8%), sp(12.6%), (9.4%), and complex(7.4%), Miscellaneous Bacteria(13.4%). An alarming number of isolates were found to be Multidrug resistant isolates(MDRs). With the panel of antibiotics tested for Gram negative bacterial isolates, only Fosfomycin(1.5%), Nitrofurantoin(16%) & Chloramphenicol (19%) were the only antibiotics to exhibit <20% resistance. Antibiotics for Gram positive bacteria for which low resistance was observed were Vancomycin (0%), Linezolid (0.1%), Teicoplanin (<1%), Aminoglycosides (18%), Nitrofurantoin(15%), Chloramphenicol(6%) & Tetracyclines(11%). Extended Spectrum Beta lactamase(ESBL) prevalence was estimated to be 63.6% in , 82.4% in Klebsiellapneumoniae. Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was seen in 54% of the isolates, while Inducible clindamycin resistance was observed in 35.9% of the isolates.It is high time that we shift our focus from internationally and nationally available data on antibiogram to locally prevalent antibiotic resistance pattern. It will ensure faster patient recovery at a lesser cost and also prevent undue development of drug resistance.